Te gestientem gaudiis
The Gladness of Thy Motherhood
Composed by Fr. Augustine Thomas Ricchini (1695-1779) in 1757, this hymn is used at second Vespers in the Roman Breviary and at Lauds and Vespers in the Liturgia Horarum for the Feast of the Most Holy Rosary (Oct. 7). It is the fourth of a series of four hymns for the feast. See the first hymn of the series,
Caelestis aulae Nuntius, for historical details.
This hymn summarizes the themes of the first three hymns, namely the Joyous, Sorrowful and Glorious Mysteries of the Rosary.
TE gestientem gaudiis,
te sauciam doloribus,
te iugi amictam gloria,
o Virgo Mater, pangimus.
Ave, redundans gaudio
dum concipis, dum visitas;
et edis, offers, invenis,
Mater beata, Filium.
Ave, dolens, et intimo
in corde agonem, verbera,
spinas crucemque Filii
perpessa, princeps martyrum.
Ave, in triumphis Filii,
in ignibus Paracliti,
in regni honore et lumine,
Regina fulgens gloria.
Venite, gentes, carpite
ex his rosas mysteriis,
et pulchri amoris inclitae
Matri coronas nectite.
Iesu, tibi sit gloria,
qui natus es de Virgine,
cum Patre, et almo Spiritu,
in sempiterna saecula.
Latin text from the Roman Breviary, translation by Abbot Oswald Hunter-Blair, abbot of Fort Augustus Abbey, Scotland (1853-1939).
Te, Iesu, verum Deum et Hominem
I adore Thee, O Jesus
TE, Iesu, verum Deum et Hominem hic in sancta Eucharistia praesentem, in genua humillime provolutus, cum fidelibus terrae et Sanctis caeli mente coniunctus, adoro; ac pro tanto beneficio intime gratus, te, Iesu, infinite perfectum atque infinite amabilem ex toto corde diligo.
DA mihi gratiam ne ullo modo te unquam offendam, atque ut, tua hac in terra eucharistica praesentia recreatus, ad tua aeterna ac beata in caelis praesentia1 una cum Maria perfruendum merear pervenire. Amen.
1 ad tua aeterna ac beata in caelis praesentia - an error in the Raccolata? Seems to need the accusative case here.
From the Raccolta #183. (S. C. of the Holy Off., March 18, 1909; S. P. Ap., Oct. 30, 1934).
Te Ioseph celebrent agmina caelitum
Joseph! To Thee by Hosts on High
Written by Fr. Juan Escollar (d. 1700), this hymn is used at Vespers for the feast of St. Joseph, Husband of the Blessed Virgin Mary, (March 19) and then again on May 1 (St. Joseph the Worker).
TE, Ioseph, celebrent agmina caelitum,
te cuncti resonent Christiadum chori,
qui, clarus meritis, iunctus es inclitae,
casto foedere Virgini.
Almo cum tumidam germine coniugem
admirans dubio tangeris anxius,
afflatu superi Flaminis, Angelus
conceptum puerum docet.
Tu natum Dominum stringis, ad exteras
Aegypti profugum tu sequeris plagas;
amissum Solymis quaeris et invenis,
miscens gaudia fletibus.
Electos reliquos mors pia consecrat1
palmamque emeritos gloria suscipit;
tu vivens, Superis par, frueris Deo,
mira sorte beatior.
Nobis, summa Trias, parce precantibus;
da Ioseph meritis sidera scandere,
ut tandem liceat nos tibi perpetim
gratum promere canticum.
Amen.
From the Liturgia Horarum. Translation by R. F. Littledale (See Raccolta #463).
1 Older Breviaries have this line as: Post mortem reliquos sors pia consecrat..
Te lucis ante terminum
Before the End of Light
An old and venerable Ambrosian hymn from the 7th century for the close of day at Compline. This version is the one found in the Monastic Breviary and the Roman Breviary. The current version in the Liturgy of the Hours, which is given below, drops the second verse and replaces it with two other verses.
TE lucis ante terminum,
rerum Creator, poscimus
ut pro tua clementia
sis praesul et custodia.
Procul recedant somnia
et noctium phantasmata;
hostemque nostrum comprime,
ne polluantur corpora.
Praesta, Pater piissime,
Patrique compar Unice,
cum Spiritu Paraclito
regnans per omne saeculum.
Amen.
From the Roman Breviary, translation by J. M. Neale (1818-1866).
The current version of this hymn in the Liturgia Horarum is:
Te lucis ante terminum,/ rerum creator, poscimus,/ ut solita clementia/ sis praesul ad custodiam.
Te corda nostra somnient,/ te per soporem sentiant,/ tuamque semper gloriam/ vicina luce concinant.
Vitam salubrem tribue,/ nostrum calorem refice,/ taetram noctis caliginem/ tua collustret claritas.
Praesta, Pater omnipotens,/ per Iesum Christum Dominum,/ qui tecum in perpetuum/ regnat cum Sancto Spiritu. Amen.
Te splendor et virtus Patris
O Jesus, Life-spring of the Soul
From the Roman Breviary. This hymn is by Pope Urban VIII (1632) and is based upon Tibi, Christe, splendor Patris which is attributed to Rabanus Maurus.
TE splendor et virtus Patris
Te vita, Iesu, cordium,
ab ore qui pendent tuo,
laudamus inter Angelos.
TIBI mille densa milium
ducum corona militat;
sed explicat victor Crucem
Michael salutis Signifer.
DRACONIS hic dirum caput
in ima pellit tartara,
ducemque cum rebellibus
caelesti ab arce fulminat.
CONTRA ducem superbiae
sequamur hunc nos Principem,
ut detur ex Agni throno
nobis corona gloriae.
PATRI, simulque Filio,
tibique, Sancte Spiritus,
sicut fuit, sit iugiter
saeculum per omne gloria. Amen.
Princeps gloriosissime Michael Archangele, esto memor nostri; hic et ubique semper precare pro nobis Filium Dei.
V. In conspectu Angelorum psallam tibi, Deus meus:
R. Adorabo ad templum sanctum tuum, et confitebor nomini tuo.
Oremus
Deus, qui miro ordine Angelorum ministeria hominumque dispensas, concede propitius, ut a quibus tibi ministrantibus in caelo semper assistitur, ab his in terra vita nostra muniatur. Per Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen.
Telluris ingens Conditor
Earth's Mighty Maker
Attributed to Pope St. Gregory the Great (540-604). This hymn continues the theme found in Monday's Vesper Hymn, Immense caeli Conditor , namely the story of Creation as outlined in the first chapter of Genesis. Continuing on with the third day, the hymn chronicles the separation of the land from the water and the creation of every species of plant (Gen 1, 9-13.) This hymn is traditionally sung at Tuesday Vespers and is used in the Liturgia Horarum at Vespers for Tuesdays of the first and third weeks of the Psalter during Ordinary Time. Likewise the hymn is also found in the Roman Breviary for Tuesday Vespers under the title Telluris alme Conditor.
TELLURIS ingens1 Conditor,
mundi solum qui eruens2,
pulsis aquae molestiis,
terram dedisti immobilem,
Ut germen aptum proferens,
fulvis decora floribus,
fecunda fructu sisteret
pastumque gratum redderet:
Mentis perustae vulnera
munda virore gratiae,
ut facta fletu diluat,
motusque pravos atterat,
Iussis tuis obtemperet,
nullis malis approximet,
bonis repleri gaudeat,
et mortis actum3 nesciat.
Praesta, Pater piissime,
Patrique compar Unice,
cum Spiritu Paraclito
regnans per omne saeculum. Amen.
Telluris ingens Conditor
Earth's Mighty Maker
Attributed to Pope St. Gregory the Great (540-604). This hymn continues the theme found in Monday's Vesper Hymn, Immense caeli Conditor , namely the story of Creation as outlined in the first chapter of Genesis. Continuing on with the third day, the hymn chronicles the separation of the land from the water and the creation of every species of plant (Gen 1, 9-13.) This hymn is traditionally sung at Tuesday Vespers and is used in the Liturgia Horarum at Vespers for Tuesdays of the first and third weeks of the Psalter during Ordinary Time. Likewise the hymn is also found in the Roman Breviary for Tuesday Vespers under the title Telluris alme Conditor.
TELLURIS ingens1 Conditor,
mundi solum qui eruens2,
pulsis aquae molestiis,
terram dedisti immobilem,
Ut germen aptum proferens,
fulvis decora floribus,
fecunda fructu sisteret
pastumque gratum redderet:
Mentis perustae vulnera
munda virore gratiae,
ut facta fletu diluat,
motusque pravos atterat,
Iussis tuis obtemperet,
nullis malis approximet,
bonis repleri gaudeat,
et mortis actum3 nesciat.
Praesta, Pater piissime,
Patrique compar Unice,
cum Spiritu Paraclito
regnans per omne saeculum. Amen.
Tempus Adventus
Advent
The word Advent comes from the Latin words, advenire (to come to) & adventus (an arrival), and refers to Christ's coming into this world. The Advent season is a time of joyful expectation and preparation for Christmas, the day upon which Christ's birth is celebrated and His first coming into this world. The focus of Advent is upon the centuries of waiting and preparation by God's chosen people which preceded the coming of the Messiah. As such, it is a time marked by expectation, hope, preparedness and penance. The later being mindful of John the Baptist's cry to prepare for the coming of the Lord with repentance. ( Matt. 3:3, 11:10; Mark 1:2-3; Luke 1:17, 1:76, 3:4).
Also, while Advent is the season before Christmas, the focus of Advent is by no means limited to just Christ's first coming. An equal, if not more important, theme found in the Advent Liturgy is the Second Coming of Christ when He comes again to judge the world. The Advent Liturgy looks to both the past and future. In the past Christ came amongst us as one of our own. He was born of a woman into this world and of humble means. In the future He will come again, not as a defenseless infant, but as the Judge of all the living and the dead. Thus the Liturgy looks back over thousands of years to when the human race waited for its Redeemer and then to the future when this world will end and He will come then as our Judge. This dual theme, the first and second coming, is easily observed in the hymns for Advent given below. Also, while it is not part if the Advent Liturgy today, it is useful to note that Dies Irae was originally not a hymn associated with death and burial, but a hymn that was composed as a sequence for the first Sunday in Advent. Its sober tone was designed to remind us of both Christ's first coming and His Second Coming at the end of the world.
Lastly, it should be mentioned that long standing traditions hold that there are four comings of Christ. The first two of these have already been mentioned. His first coming was when He came to us in the flesh. His Second Coming is when He will come at the end of world to judge the living and the dead. However, between these two are two more; Christ's coming into our hearts, and Christ's coming to us at our death. While the Advent Liturgy explicitly stresses the first two, by implication the later two are present as well.
It is difficult to pinpoint in time exactly when Advent was first celebrated by the Church. Advent itself is the season prior to Christmas and is thus intimately acquainted with the celebration of Christ's birth. Since the celebration of Christ's birth has evolved over time, so too has the season of Advent. The earliest documentation we have on the season comes to us from the fourth century and the earliest Advent hymns we have come from roughly that period as well (Prudentius). It is thus clear that at least the roots of the Advent season go back to sometime around the later part of the fourth century. By the late sixth century the season is well established, at least in the Latin West. St. Caesarius, Bishop of Arles (502-542) mentions a time of preparation before the celebration of Christ's birth in his homilies. A sermon given by Pope St. Gregory the Great on the Second Sunday of Advent has come down to us as well. Advent was evidentially a western tradition before it became an eastern tradition. It is not until the eighth century that we have the first record of the season being celebrated in the East.
Today Advent signals the beginning of the Church year and begins on the Sunday closest to the Feast of St. Andrew the Apostle (November 30). This Sunday is the fourth Sunday before Christmas and falls between November 27 and December 3. The Advent season will thus have between 21 and 28 days, depending upon where this Sunday falls.
Hymni (Hymns)
Ante Diem 16 Decembris
Ad Vesperas
Ad Officium lectionis (Readings /Matins)
Ad Laudes matutinas (Lauds)
Post Diem 16 Decembris
Ad Officium lectionis (Readings/ Matins)
Officia Parva (Little Offices)
Tempus Nativitas
Christmas Season
Some items for the Christmas season.
Hymni (Hymns)
Tempus Nativitatis
Ad Vesperas
Ad Laudes matutinas (Lauds)
SS. Innocentium (Holy Innocents Dec 28)
Holy Name (1962 Breviary)
Sancta Familia (Holy Family)
Tempus Paschale
Easter Season
Easter
Tempus Paschale (Easter Season)
Dominica Paschae in Resurrectione Domini (Easter)
Ad Vesperas (Vespers)
Ad Laudes matutinas (Lauds)
Pentecost
Tempus Quadragesima
Lent
Homo? Humus.
Fama? Fumus.
Finis? Cinis!
Penitential Prayers
Via Crucis (Stations of the Cross)
Hymni
Ad Vesperas (Vespers)
Ad Officium lectionis (Readings / Matins)
Ad Laudes matutinas (Lauds)
Hebdomada Sancta (Passiontide & Holy Week)
Ad Laudes matutinas (Lauds
Ad Vesperas (Vespers)
Ad Officium lectionis (Readings / Matins)
The Chord of St. Joseph
The cord of St. Joseph originated in Antwerp, Belgium in 1657. A sister of the Order of St. Augustine had fallen seriously ill and was in the immanent danger of death. She petitioned St. Joseph to cure her and as a sign of devotion to St. Joseph, she placed around her waist a cord that had been blessed and knotted seven times (for the seven joys and seven sorrows of St. Joseph). While wearing this cord and praying earnestly, the sister found herself instantly cured.
This miracle was only the first of many for those who wore the cord of St. Joseph and asked for his aid in temporal and spiritual necessities. Pope Pius IX enriched the cord with indulgences. (There are none directly attached to it today as far as I know.) In particular the following four benefits are promised: preservation or recovery of chastity, St. Joseph's special protection, his assistance at the hour of death, and the grace of final perseverance.
On each of the knots on a chord of seven knots, recite the Minor Doxology
GLORIA Patri, et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto. Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in saecula saeculorum. Amen.
While meditating on the Seven Sorrows and the Seven Joys of St. Joseph
Sorrows
1. Dubium Sancti Ioseph
Ioseph autem vir eius cum esset iustus, et nollet eam traducere, voluit occulte dimittere eam. (Mt 1:19)
1. The doubt of St. Joseph
Whereupon Joseph her husband, being a just man, and not willing publically to expose her, was minded to put her away privately. (Mt 1:19)
2. Natalis Iesu in paupertate
Et peperit filium suum primogenitum et pannis eum involvit et reclinavit eum in praesepio quia non erat eis locus in diversorio. (Lk 2:7)
2. The birth of Jesus in poverty
And she brought forth her firstborn son and wrapped him up in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger because; there was no room for them in the inn. (Lk 2:7)
3. Circumcisio Iesu
Et postquam consummati sunt dies octo ut circumcideretur vocatum est nomen eius Iesus quod vocatum est ab angelo priusquam in utero conciperetur. (Lk 2:21)
3. The circumcision
And after eight days were accomplished, that the child should be circumcised, his name was called JESUS, which was called by the angel, before he was conceived in the womb. (Lk 2:21)
4. Ruina multorum
Et benedixit illis Symeon et dixit ad Mariam matrem eius ecce positus est hic in ruinam et resurrectionem multorum in Israhel et in signum cui contradicetur. (Lk 2:34)
4. That many would be lost
And Simeon blessed them, and said to Mary his mother: Behold, this child is set for the fall and rise of many in Israel; and for a sign which shall be contradicted. (Lk 2:34)
5. Fuga in Aegyptum
... ecce angelus Domini apparuit in somnis Ioseph dicens surge et accipe puerum et matrem eius et fuge in Aegyptum et esto ibi usque dum dicam tibi futurum est enim ut Herodes quaerat puerum ad perdendum eum. Qui consurgens accepit puerum et matrem eius nocte et recessit in Aegyptum. (Mt 2:13-14)
5. The flight into Egypt
...behold, an angel of the Lord appeared in sleep to Joseph saying; Arise, and take the child and his mother, and fly into Egypt; and be there until I tell thee: For it will come to pass that Herod will seek the child to destroy him. He arose, and took the child and his mother by night, and retired into Egypt. (Mt 2:13-14)
6. Reditus in patriam
Audiens autem quod Archelaus regnaret in Iudaea pro Herode patre suo timuit illo ire et admonitus in somnis secessit in partes Galilaeae. (Mt 2:22)
6. The return from Egypt
But hearing that Archelaus reigned in Judaea in the place of Herod his father, he was afraid to go thither: and being warned in his sleep retired into the quarters of Galilee. (Mt 2:22)
7. Amittens Iesum in templo
Et non invenientes regressi sunt in Hierusalem requirentes eum. (Lc 2:45)
7. Losing Jesus in the temple
And not finding him, they returned into Jerusalem, seeking him. (Lk 2:45)
And then recite the following prayer to St. Joseph
VIRGINUM custos et pater, sancte Ioseph, cuius fideli custodiae ipsa Innocentia Christus Iesus et Virgo virginum Maria commissa fuit; te per hoc utrumque carissimum pignus Iesum et Mariam obsecro et obtestor, ut me, ab omni immunditia praeservatum, mente incontaminata, puro corde et casto corpore Iesu et Mariae semper facias castissime famulari. Amen
Tibi offerimus
We Offer Thee, Lord Jesus
TIBI offerimus, Domine Iesu Christe, merita Mariae, Matris tuae et nostrae, stantis iuxta Crucem, ut, suo piissimo interventu, Passionis ac Mortis tuae effectum felicem consequamur. Amen.
From the Raccolta # 110. (S. P. Ap., Mar. 20, 1939)
Titivillus
The Devil Made me do it!
Titivillus
"The Patron Demon of Scribes"
Titivillus is often referred to with the somewhat fanciful title of "The Patron Demon of Scribes". For much of human history the mechanical printing press did not exist, so any copies of a book or document had to be made by hand. Such copying was always done by professional scribes who were oftentimes monks in the Scriptorium of their monasteries (a tradition we can thank Cassiodorus for, not to mention for the preservation of texts and learning during the "Dark Ages"). Except for the shortest of documents, the work was generally laborious. The text had to be carefully drawn and faithful to the original document. Consider the labor required to copy an entire Bible or Missal, for example! I, for one, would not want to copy all of my Latin prayers by hand, much less an entire Bible.
As with even the best of us, minds can wander from time to time and the monks were no exception. When this happened, errors would be introduced into the text. No one likes to take credit for his own mistakes, and true to human nature the monks invented Titivillus. He was invented somewhat in jest by them, both to take the blame for their mistakes and as a warning to the hapless monk whose mind strayed from the task. Titivillus is first mentioned by name in the Tractatus de Penitentia, written around 1285 by John of Wales, and then again in the 14th century by Petrus de Palude, the Patriarch of Jerusalem.
Titivillus, so the story goes, would wander the earth every day collecting scribal errors until he had collected enough to fill his sack a thousand times. As he completed his collections for the day, the sack would be taken to the devil and each mistake was duly entered in a book against the name of the monk who had made the error. Upon Judgement Day, each of the errors would be read out loud and would be held against the monk who had made it.
Keeping in mind what awaited for the careless scribe come Judgement Day, Titivillus helped the monastic community keep its standards up and its errors down. By 1460, the monks were doing such a good job that poor Titivillus was said to be reduced to slinking about churches and recording the names of women who gossiped during Mass. Hardly the sort of thing a once proud demon would want to stoop to, but times were tough.
However, that situation did not last. With the advent of the Renaissance, the rise of Universities and the merchant class, there was a sudden demand for manuscripts. The scribes were soon at their limits and could not keep up with the demand. Instead of their usual slow and careful process of copying, they had to rush to produce the copies and the error count began to rise rapidly. The monks disclaimed any responsibility for the errors and blamed them on Titivillus. Titivillus was having a field day sacking up errors left and right.
Eventually the printing press was invented and soon traditional scribes were few. Titivillus was again out of a job and soon back to scouring the churches for gossiping ladies. Given the quality of the texts from the 19th century, poor Titivillus never did get to fill his sack very often, at least with scribal or printing errors. He truly was in a wretched state of affairs.
Titivillus was in such a sad state that I suspect he tried to branch out into other areas. Titivillus' hand can be seen in 20th century with the likes of Murphy's Laws and the Gremlins of World War II aircraft. Admittedly he did make some progress in those areas, but it was rather limited. Nothing like those heady days of the 16th century, so I believe he has moved on to other pursuits.
I believe that Titivillus has found his true calling in this modern age with computers, especially in desktop publishing and the Internet. Given the huge increase in misinformation and printing errors, it is clear that Titivillus has been given a new lease on life. He is back stuffing his bag and making up for lost centuries from the looks of it.
As but one example, in the religion section of a major newspaper, a reporter discussed in some detail the various styles of altars used in churches today. Aside from the reporter's questionable expertise on the subject, it was clear that Titivillus had gotten to him. Instead of "altar", the hapless reporter spelled the word as "alter", which was no doubt politely suggested by his spell checker*. He did this not once, but each and every time the word appeared. It is clear to me from many such examples as this that Titivillus has found his calling in the age of modern communication.
For my part, I have tried to exorcise this pesky demon from my web pages. But alas, I know that I have fallen prey to his distractions from time to time. It can only be under the influence of the master Titivillus himself that I left out the "confugimus" in the "Sub tuum praesidium" from my web page. (A kind note from someone pointed this out to me and I quickly fixed it.) Also, somehow the "Angel of God" turned into the "Angle of God." This particular gaffe went unnoticed for a long time. Fortunately for my ego, I caught that one before someone else did. But again, such a mistake can only be due to the diabolic influence of Titivillus.
So be advised, Titivillus is out there in the press and the internet, stuffing his bag easily a thousand times over. Given the various errors I have seen on the net and in the press, the prudent person should always double check information with other sources. (You wouldn't want Titivillus to add your name to the list now would you?) For my part, I will continue to do battle against him on my web pages. I ask that should you find a case where I have succumbed to his devices, to please let me know so I can fix it.
* Given the perversity of certain Microsoft products, it has been suggested by more than one observer that Titivillus is in league with Bill Gates. I have no hard evidence one way or the other. However, I do know that if you run the later versions of Netscape and type in the words "evil corporation" into the URL address box and then hit enter, you will find that Microsoft comes up at the top of the search list. Hmmmmm....... :-)